William Skobac’s life was a journey of resilience, survival, and perseverance. Born in 1928 in Wolomin, Poland, he was raised in an upper-middle-class Jewish family. His early years were marked by a comfortable life, but everything changed with the German invasion during World War II. Forced into the Wolomin Ghetto, young William experienced firsthand the horrors of Nazi occupation, smuggling food to keep his family alive. As the war progressed, he was separated from his family, many of whom perished in the Holocaust.

Surviving against the odds, William lived under a false identity, endured forced labor, and navigated the war-torn landscape of Europe. Eventually, he made his way to Italy, where he played a role in assisting Jewish refugees on their path to Israel. His time in Italy was one of his more positive memories, marked by purpose and determination.

After the war, William immigrated to the United States, where he built a new life, married, and raised a family. He remained a hardworking and optimistic man, deeply devoted to his wife and children. Though he rarely spoke about his past, a trip to Poland in 1990 with his son Ed opened the floodgates of memory. This journey, meant to honor his lost family, helped William finally share his story.

His legacy lives on through his children and the stories they now preserve, ensuring that the sacrifices and resilience of Holocaust survivors are never forgotten 

Timeline of William’s Life

1882

Rivkeh Skrobacz

William's oldest paternal aunt, born in Ostroleka, Poland. She marries Alter Kamien. She was the mother of Moshe Kamien, born in 1905, William's paternal cousin who emigrated to Israel before WWII. He learned there after the war that William survived. I met with him in 1971 and 1973 in Natanya, Israel.

1885

Max Siegel

Born in Ostrow, Poland. He was Edward's maternal grandfather, his mother Shannie's father, and William's father's future father-in-law.

1887

Anna (Skrobacz) Siegel

Born in Ostroleka, Poland. Edward's maternal grandmother, his mother Shannie's mother, and William's paternal aunt and eventual mother-in-law.

1897

Yiteh (Rostker) Nadborni

William's maternal aunt. Married Chaim Nadborni. Died around 1941–42. She was the mother of his first maternal cousins:

▼ Show more

1923

Chenya (Nadborni) Secons

Chenya and her brother Yitzchak survive the war, reunite in Hanover in 1947, and move to Israel in 1948 to reunite with Zev.

▼ Show more

1938

Betar Zionist Group

William secretly joins Betar Zionist youth group, befriends cousins Zev and Yitzchak Nadborni. Zev emigrates to Israel and is disowned by his father.

▼ Show more

1939

William Runs Away

In August, William runs away to Ostroleka to meet family. He bonds with cousin Naftali Rostker and meets maternal grandparents. They reconnect in 1990 during a return trip to Poland.

1939

WWII Begins

September 1: Germany and Russia invade Poland. Skrobacz family home in Wolomin is bombed and burned on September 3. The mill is confiscated by Germans.

1940

Wolomin Ghetto

Skrobacz family is forced into the Wolomin Ghetto. Yitzchak builds a flour-making device. William sneaks out to obtain grain. Two escapees warn of Treblinka but are ignored.

1941

William’s Bar Mitzvah

William has his Bar Mitzvah in the Wolomin Ghetto in August, amidst growing hardship and persecution.

1942

Typhoid Epidemic

Typhoid spreads through Wolomin. William becomes sick. Many Jews and non-Jews die, including two close in age to Sara and William.

1942

False Identity Papers

Yitzchak obtains birth certificates of dead Polish children. Sara leaves for Warsaw. Meets William one last time at Tokevitch bakery around May 1943.

1942

Escape to Lomza

William, using ID as Edward Gembinski, takes Elka, Chenya, and Bluma to the Lomza Ghetto. He and Yitzchak rent an apartment nearby and smuggle food in. Naftali and his father do the same.

1942

Wolomin Ghetto Liquidated

October 6: Wolomin Ghetto is liquidated. William and family narrowly avoid deportation by escaping earlier that year.

1942

Last Visit With Family

October 25: William visits his mother and sisters in the Lomza Ghetto for the last time. Naftali later reports the girls were arrested while seeking him in Miaskowu and died in 1943.

1942

Lomza Ghetto Liquidated

November 1: Lomza Ghetto is liquidated. William and Yitzchak flee to a forest near Czervoni Bur and hide in a potato pit. Naftali and his father also flee and hide in Schnadova.

1942

Yitzchak Disappears

November 4: William returns to the potato pit and finds his father Yitzchak gone. William walks back toward Wolomin and meets Sam Newmark on the road.

1942

William Meets Sam

William and Sam Newmark reunite after both being separated from their families. They sleep in haystacks and train stations, searching for family in Wolomin and Mishkuv.

1942

Christmas with Sam’s Father

December 25: William and Sam spend Christmas with Sam's father in Mishkuv. William has lice and his clothes are boiled to disinfect them.

1943

Warsaw Uprising & Visit Attempt

Spring: William and Sam are in Warsaw during the ghetto uprising. William tries to visit his sister Sara in Wolomin. She had left a message to return in a month, but she was not there.

1943

Mikovsky Farm

William and Sam meet farmer Olek Mikovsky on a train and begin working on his farm in Smulnik, near Rozan. Sam helps an elderly couple in the same village.

▼ Show more

1943

Wolomin Visit

May: William returns to Wolomin and sees his sister at the Tokevitch household. On his way, he witnesses a German stabbing people in a cattle car with a bayonet at Malkin station.

1943

Recognized & Threatened

November: William is recognized in Wolomin by childhood friend Elic Zick who extorts him. William strikes him with a rock and escapes. He stops traveling due to fear of being caught.

1944

Allied Leaflets

July: Allied forces drop leaflets over Rozan. William and Sam realize for the first time that the war might be ending.

1944

Trench Building

August: Germans force William and other Poles to dig trenches along the river in Rozan in preparation for defense against the Russians.

1944

Rozan Liberated

September: Rozan and Ostroleka are liberated by the Russian Army. William helps the Russians identify German escape routes. He and Sam leave the farm and follow the Russian front line.

1944

Russian Arrest

October: William and Sam are arrested near Ostrow by Russian soldiers who suspect they are German spies. William proves they are Jewish by praying from a Siddur.

1944

Return to Wolomin

October–November: Sam finds his father in Mishkuv. William returns to Wolomin and stays with the Shteinharts, helping Jewish returnees. He confronts Elic Zick with an unloaded gun to force a confession.

1944

Reuniting with Naftali

December: William reunites with Naftali, his father Mordechai, and Uncle Yitzchak in Shnadova village. He also meets Naftali's friend Norman, who becomes a lifelong friend.

1944–1945

Attempt to Reclaim Mill

William tries to get Naftali’s father to be his legal guardian to reclaim the family flour mill in Wolomin. He travels between Shnadova and Oldaki with help from Russian convoys.

1945

Poles Lynch Jews

March 12: William is delayed en route to Oldaki. That night, Naftali’s father and uncle are murdered by Poles. Naftali flees. William arrives two hours later and escapes to Shnadova.

1945

Escape to Łódź

William escapes to Łódź in a truck stolen by a deserting Jewish Russian soldier. He meets Shalom Lipinski. Together, they seize an unoccupied apartment at gunpoint.

1945

Making Money in Łódź

William and Auschwitz survivor Shlomo Eidelson sell yarn by riding trains to Bialystok. Shlomo informs William of the Holocaust’s full horror.

1945

Jews Flee Wolomin

March: Remaining Jews flee Wolomin for Łódź due to threats. William reunites with Mrs. Shteinhardt and meets the Bielski brothers, later portrayed in the film Defiance.

1945

Naftali Returns

April: Naftali returns from Germany and travels to Łódź. He reunites with William and Shalom Lipinski on April 23. They sew gold into their clothes and prepare to escape Poland.

1945

V-E Day

May 8: Victory in Europe Day. Nazi Germany surrenders. William and companions begin journey out of Poland at the end of the month.

1945

Journey to Italy

May 31: William, Naftali, Shalom, and Kebiko leave Poland via Bratislava, Prague, and Pilsen. An American chaplain connects them to the Bricha. They cross the Alps into northern Italy.

1945

Arrival in Modena

June 15: The group arrives in Modena, Italy and stays at a military academy. They witness a former capo being murdered by other survivors. Shalom leaves to reunite with his family in Germany.

1945

Wandering Northern Italy

July–September: William and Naftali travel around Milan and Rome seeking a Beitar Kibbutz. They meet Chaim Forgorov and Jacob Kamien, who later settles in Be’er Sheva.

1945

Cremona DP Camp

September 15: William moves to Cremona DP camp, joins Trombolo Betar Kibbutz. Naftali smuggles cigarettes from Austria and meets Robert Bell again.

1946

Move to Tricasa Porto

January 1: William and the Kibbutz relocate to southern Italy. He reconnects with Norman and convinces him to join Trombolo. They stay lifelong friends.

1946

Joins the Irgun

February: William and Norman join the Irgun and undergo paramilitary training in Tricasa Porto.

1946

Disillusionment & Leaving Kibbutz

September: William grows disillusioned with Zionism after warnings from Israel. He leaves Kibbutz Trombolo and moves into a villa with Norman and later Naftali.

1947

Bari DP Camp

February: William moves to Bari DP Camp with friends including Naftali, Norman, and Gene & Lola Landau. Their daughter later babysits William’s children in NYC.

1949

Transfer to Barletta

May: Remaining Bari DP camp Jews, including William, are moved to Barletta to make space for incoming Albanian refugees.

1949

Arrival in America

November 21: William and Naftali arrive in the U.S. aboard the Marine Jumper, sponsored by Max and Anna Siegel. William carries only an accordion.

1951

William Marries Shannie

September: William marries Shannie Siegel, his future wife. They start their new life together in the U.S.

1953

William’s First Child

William and Shannie have their first child, Michael Ira, named after William's father, Yitchak Mayer.

1955

Edward Alan’s Birth

Edward Alan is born, named after William’s mother Elka and Yitchak’s brother Abraham.

1961

Sherry Beth’s Birth

William and Shannie have their third child, Sherry Beth, named after William’s sisters Sara and Bluma.

1968

Marc’s Birth

William and Shannie have their youngest child, Marc, named after Shannie’s father, Max Siegel.

1971

First Trip to Israel

William visits Israel for the first time. He reconnects with Zev Nadborni and his family. It marks the beginning of a series of trips to Israel.

1973

Second Trip to Israel

William returns to Israel and meets with Zev Nadborni again. He also connects with other family members during this visit.

1994

Visit to Holocaust Museum

William and his son Edward visit the Holocaust Museum when it opens. They provide an interview and footage from Poland to help preserve the memory of the events.

2009

William’s Passing

William Skobac passes away on April 14 at the age of 81. His legacy continues through his family and his contributions to preserving the history of his survival.

2021

Shannie’s Passing

Shannie Siegel, William’s wife, passes away on May 6 at the age of 89.

Anti-Semitism

“I definitely felt antisemitism since I’m five years old.”

William Skobac attended a secular public school where about 80% of the students were Jewish, while most Gentile children attended Catholic schools. Despite being part of the majority at his own school, Skobac experienced antisemitism from Gentile kids in his neighborhood. Starting as young as five years old, he faced verbal abuse and physical attacks, forcing him to defend himself using items like yardsticks and backpacks, and often having to rely on his running ability to avoid harm.

The Germans Attack

“I was aware of the war, at the third day of the war, right away. And our house burned down.”

William vividly recalls the onset of war when incendiary bombs were dropped on his town, including his family’s house and mill. These bombs intensified when doused with water, requiring sand to extinguish—a fact many didn’t initially know. As their home burned, William and his father ran to put out the fire but were targeted by a German fighter plane. They narrowly escaped harm by lying down beside a fence, shielded partly by tall trees. The plane’s bullets struck so closely that sand sprayed into William’s eyes. Although their house was lost, the bomb that fell into their mill never exploded, sparing it from destruction.

Life in the Ghetto

“I was the only link that they had until we left the ghetto to
bring the food to my house.”

William describes how his father secretly built a small flour mill in an attic within the ghetto, illegally producing flour from grain William smuggled in. At age 12, William bravely carried up to 50 kilos of grain from outside the ghetto at night, at the risk of being caught and killed. He also smuggled in bread and butter, becoming the crucial lifeline for his family until they eventually left the ghetto before its liquidation.

William’s Father

“Wednesday morning I went out to get some food and I came back and he wasn’t there… Never saw him again.”

On November 1st, 1942, William and his father Yitzchak learned that Germans were rounding up Jews from neighboring towns. Hoping to escape, they hid in an underground potato storage pit in a forest near Zembrow. After three nights of hiding, William left one morning to find food, but upon returning, his father was gone. William waited, hoping his father had temporarily hidden from Germans, but ultimately, he never saw his father again. Included is footage taken in 1990 during his trip back to Poland.

The Pig Slaughtering

“I quietly felt, maybe, there is a God.”

William recounts overhearing a conversation involving his employer - a farmer, and the farmer’s brother-in-law, who was openly antisemitic, celebrating the absence of Jews in town. William quietly listened, careful not to reveal his true feelings. He also shares an incident involving the farmer’s brother-in-law illegally slaughtering pigs in the forest. Due to mishandling, the pig’s screams attracted the attention of nearby Germans, creating a risky situation.

The Train Station

“And all of a sudden, I’m sitting on this bench. And I said, ‘I got to get out of here. I got to get out.’ And I can’t get up.”

William was waiting for a train to Warsaw when he witnessed a horrific scene. A train from Warsaw arrived with several passenger cars and many cattle cars. Through a small window, he saw hands reaching out, begging for water. Guarded by men in green uniforms, the train doors were suddenly opened, and a soldier, wielding a bayonet, began brutally stabbing people crammed near the entrance. Blood covered him as he carried out the attack. Frozen in fear, William realized he needed to leave but found himself unable to move, his legs paralyzed from shock.

German Spy Accusations

“How they could’ve thought that I was a German spy is beyond my belief… I was 14 years old, very small and very thin.”

William and his friend Sam Newmark were traveling back to Wolomin when they were arrested by Russian soldiers who suspected them of being German spies. Despite explaining that he had false papers to survive the war, the soldiers didn’t believe him, likely due to antisemitic bias. They wrote a report and demanded he sign it, but William refused.

Getting Revenge

“Scare the living daylights out of him.”

William recalls his childhood friendship with Elik, a neighbor who lived across the street and played with him for years. However, during the war, Elik betrayed him. Seeking revenge, William later returned to his town at night and went to Elik’s house to intimidate him.

The Truck Breaks Down

“Don’t ask any questions. You get yourself out of here and don’t ever come back here.”

William recounts a near-miss with fate. He was on his way to retrieve signed papers from cousin Naftali and uncle Mordechai Rostker but was delayed when the truck he was traveling on broke down. Arriving a day later, he found a crowd gathered and learned that his uncles Yitzchak and Mordechai had been taken away and killer. A local man warned him to leave immediately for his own safety.

Revisiting Treblinka

In 1990, William and his son Ed revisited Treblinka where William’s family may have perished. They went to William’s hometown, and explored the different parts of William’s childhood and where he his during the war.